Written for people about to start treatment, or deciding whether to. No before-and-afters.

  • — Before you start

    What a consultation actually involves

    Forty minutes, three records and a written plan. What we do, what we do not do, and why nothing is started on the day.

  • — Retention

    Why retainers never really end

    Bone remodels in weeks. The fibres around a tooth take months, and the arch keeps changing for the rest of your life. Retention is not a warranty claim.

  • — Appliances

    Braces or aligners: the fault decides

    Both deliver force at the same biological rate. What differs is the size of each increment and what each one can physically do to a tooth.